Pseudotumor cerebri is another uncommon condition that usually affects young, overweight females. Also known as idiopathic intracranial hypertension, an increase in intracranial pressure results in severe headaches and worsening vision. If left untreated, vision loss can occur. Fortunately, many cases respond to medications, decompression of the optic nerves (nerves for vision), and in some cases, lumbar punctures ("spinal taps") to drain fluid and relieve the pressure in the head. In refractory cases, placement of a VP shunt may be necessary. Dramatic improvement can also be seen with weight loss.